573 CE - 634 CE: Life of Abu Bakr, the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

622 CE: Muhammad undertakes the Hegira (Hijra), the migration from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar.

625 CE: Battle of Uhud: Quraysh tribe defeats the Muslims.

629 CE: Battle of Mu'tah: Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.

632 CE - 633 CE: Ridda Wars (Wars of Apostacy): re-unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the banner of Islam.

632 CE: Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.

632 CE - 634 CE: Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.

632 CE: Battle of Yamama: Musaylimah (the Arch Liar) is killed in battle.

634 CE: Battle of Ajnadayn: Muslim invasion of Syria.