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560 BCE
550 BCE
540 BCE
530 BCE
520 BCE
510 BCE
500 BCE
490 BCE
480 BCE
470 BCE
460 BCE
450 BCE
440 BCE
430 BCE
420 BCE
410 BCE
400 BCE
553 BCE: Cyrus the Great successfully rebels against the Medes and establishes the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
550 BCE: Cyrus the Great defeats Astyages of the Medes and decides to found Pasargadae at the site of the battle.
546 BCE: Cyrus the Great begins construction of Pasargadae.
544 BCE: Foundation of Cyropolis on the Iaxartes river.
539 BCE: Cyrus the Great conquers Babylon; the Fertile Crescent is controlled by the Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire).
530 BCE: Cyrus II killed by the Massagetae of Tomyris' army near the Iaxartes.
400 BCE: Remains of Cyrus the Younger's Persian army arrive in Trapezus.