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585 BCE: Time in which Thales of Miletus lived.
585 BCE: A battle between Media and Lydia broke off immediately as a result of a total eclipse of the sun and the two armies made peace. The eclipse was successfully predicted by Thales of Miletus.
571 BCE - 497 BCE: Life of Pythagoras of Samos; claim that "number" is the First Cause of existence and the soul is immortal.
546 BCE: Date of Anaximenes' work; air is claimed as the First Cause of existence.
450 BCE: Empedocles suggests that all things are made from combinations of the four elements; earth, fire, water and air.
384 BCE - 322 BCE: Life of Aristotle.
310 BCE - 230 BCE: Life of Greek astronomer and mathematician Aristarchus of Samos.
300 BCE: Beginnings of the discipline of botany, as Theophrastus writes Enquiry into Plants and The Causes of Plants.
287 BCE - 212 BCE: Life of Archimedes, physician, mathematician and engineer.
190 BCE - 120 BCE: Life of Hipparchus of Nicea, the ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer considered the greatest astronomer of antiquity and among the most impressive in world history
100 CE: The mathematician and astronomer Menelaus of Alexandria lived.