500 BCE: Beginning of the Roman Saturnalia festival according to Livy (although there is evidence it was a much older tradition).

295 BCE: The first temple to Venus is dedicated on Rome's Aventine Hill.

292 BCE: The Romans adopt the Greek god of medicine Asclepius by stealing his sacred snake from Epidaurus and setting up a temple on the Tiber Island.

263 BCE: A shrine is dedicated to Minerva on the Aventine in Rome.

225 BCE - 150 BCE: The Temple of Hercules is built at Ostia.

186 BCE: The Roman Senate bans the Cult of Bacchus.

146 BCE: First Roman all-marble building is constructed, the temple of Jupiter Stater in Rome.

1 CE - 100 CE: Mithraism spreads in the Roman empire.

14 CE: The Temple of Rome and Augustus is built at Ostia.

42 CE - 62 CE: Paul the Apostle goes on missionary journeys across Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome.

50 CE - 60 CE: Establishment of various Christian communities in the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, Egypt, and at least the city of Rome.

64 CE: Unofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.

66 CE - 73 CE: The Jewish Revolt against Rome.

110 CE: First documented martydom in the Colosseum of Rome, that of St. Ignatius of Antioch.

125 CE: The Pantheon is completed in Rome.

284 CE - 305 CE: Reign of Roman Emperor Diocletian.

306 CE - 337 CE: Reign of Roman Emperor Constantine I.

313 CE: The Edict of Milan enacted by Constantine I.

325 CE: Roman Emperor Constantine I calls the Council of Nicaea.

608 CE: The Pantheon in Rome is converted into a Christian church.