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45000 BCE: Potential earliest arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe.
30000 BCE - 12000 BCE: Cave art culture in Europe.
20000 BCE: Cave painting flourishes in Spain and France, the most famous being the Cave of Lascaux in France.
5000 BCE: Hierarchical societies emerge in southeast Europe.
5000 BCE: Cultivation of peas in Europe.
4300 BCE: First megalithic tombs in Europe.
3500 BCE: Farming has spread across Europe.
3300 BCE - 1200 BCE: The Bronze Age, lasting from c. 3300 BCE- c. 1200 BCE in the Near East and South Asia and c. 600 BCE in Europe.
2800 BCE - 1900 BCE: Bell beaker culture in western Europe.
2300 BCE: Bronze is used in the Aegean.
2000 BCE - 1500 BCE: Wessex culture introduces bronze working to Britain.
2000 BCE: Bronze Age begins in Northern Europe.
1500 BCE: Pastoral farming spreads across Eurasian steppes.
1400 BCE: The beginning of Celtic culture in the upper Danube region of central Europe.
1200 BCE - 450 BCE: Widest date range accepted by scholars for the Hallstatt culture in central Europe.
1100 BCE: Dorian peoples occupy Greece.
1100 BCE: Hillforts in western Europe.
1000 BCE: Iron working in southern Europe.
900 BCE: Celtic Migration begins in Europe with many Celts landing in Scotland.
800 BCE - 600 BCE: The Early Iron Age Hallstatt culture is at its peak in central Europe.
700 BCE: Iron in wide use across Europe.
513 BCE - 512 BCE: Darius I of Persia campaigns against Scythians into European Scythia, past the Danube River, Scythians refuse to fight and Darius is forced to abandon the campaign due to lack of provisions.
450 BCE - 50 BCE: Period of the La Tène culture in northern/western/central Europe.
193 BCE: The Boii are defeated by the Romans, suffering, according to Livy, 14,000 dead.
58 BCE: Julius Caesar invades Gaul. Roman influence on the European tribes begins in earnest.
300 CE - 700 CE: Migration Age in Europe.
476 CE - 1500 CE: The Catholic Church holds supreme power in Europe during the Middle Ages.
1050 CE - 1250 CE: Feudalism is the dominant system of land ownership in northern medieval Europe.
1347 CE - 1352 CE: The Black Death plague sweeps across Europe.
1453 CE: The Ottoman Empire closes the overland Silk Road trade routes between Europe and the East, initiating the European Age of Discovery.