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Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C.-A.D. 871 (Norton Library History of England)
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"An excellent introduction to an obscure and difficult period." ―The Economist
By the time of Caesar's first expedition to Britain in 55 B.C., migratory movements had established close ties of kinship and common interest between the peoples who lived in Gaul and some of the inhabitants of Britain. Because the source material is so meager for much of early British history, Mr. Blair is careful to explain just how scholars have arrived at an accurate knowledge of the first 900 years.The real history of Britain begins with the Roman occupation, for the Romans were the first to leave substantial documentary and archaeological evidence. After the governorship of Agricola the written sources almost entirely disappear until the early Anglo-Saxon era of the fifth century; but archaeologists have been able to gather a great deal of information about the intervening centuries from excavations of old walled towns, roads, and fortresses dating from the Roman period. Mr. Blair skillfully describes the transition from Roman to Saxon England and shows why Rome's greatest legacy to her former colony―Christianity―flowered within Anglo-Saxon culture. The source material on Saxon England is mainly documentary, as these new inhabitants built in wood and little archaeological evidence has survived. However, Bede's Ecclesiatical History of the English Nation and other great Christian writings, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Beowulf, the stories of Caedmon, and other poems and epics in the Germanic minstrelsy tradition, have revealed much about English economic, social, and cultural life up to the accession of Alfred the Great.
- ISBN-100393003612
- ISBN-13978-0393003611
- PublisherW. W. Norton & Company
- Publication dateOctober 17, 1966
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions5.1 x 0.7 x 7.7 inches
- Print length292 pages
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- Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company (October 17, 1966)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 292 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0393003612
- ISBN-13 : 978-0393003611
- Item Weight : 12.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.1 x 0.7 x 7.7 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,436,234 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2,363 in England History
- #2,406 in Ancient Roman History (Books)
- #55,972 in Unknown
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None other than Julius Caesar led the invasion and conquest of an island off the northwest coast of Europe they named Britannia. Why conquer Britain? Because they could, and to exploit the island's resources: iron, lead, copper and tin, plus cattle, hides, corn and wheat, dogs (British dogs were highly sought after in Rome) and slaves. After the conquest, it was a matter of maintaining military, administrative and commercial control; building a network of communications roads (10,000 miles in all, arrow-straight and stone paved), establishing fortified cities such as London, Chester, Bath and York, and creating villas for the military elite, by the sweat of slave labor. When the Romans departed 400 years later the Anglo-Saxons filled the void through a series of migrations over many years, as opposed to a sudden hostile invasion as once thought. The Anglo-Saxons were farmers. In the beginning there were a number of Anglo-Saxon kings, each ruling a separate territory. They were forever at war with one another until Egbert of Wessex consolidated English rule under his authority. Anglo-Saxon rule was highly arbitrary, whatever the king and his cronies decided. Egbert's grandson, Alfred the Great, changed that with the introduction of uniform written laws that with time evolved into English Common Law.
The author's careful research has shed considerable light on a number of ancient sources that in turn have dispelled the notion of Britain ever having undergone a "Dark Age" like the rest of Europe. Toward the end of his book, Blair focuses on the impact of Christianity--introduced by the Romans--and its lasting effect on English culture. Blair sums up: "Although Roman roads remain today as the most strikingly visible legacy of four centuries of occupation, there is substance in the claim that the most precious legacy of Roman Britain to posterity was the Christian faith."
The opening chapter on the Roman and early medieval sources is well done but there is one major problem with source material and that is what has been found, especially in archaeology, after the book's publication in 1966. I had the sense at times that the material could be updated, most notably regarding the Romans. The book has a useful Index but no footnotes. The "Further Reading" does not go beyond the early 60's.
Nevertheless, Blair's use of Roman and Anglo-Saxon source material is effective. He is able to talk about the limitations of the sources in the book without that replacing the flow of his narrative. I learned a great deal not only about the Romans and early Christianity in England but also about the sources of names and the long-term legacy left by the Romans. Despite the problem of the book being over 40 years old, it is still an exceptionally well-organized and clear resource for the 900 years of Roman and Anglo-Saxon life in England up to Alfred.